Rep. Sofia Villanueva · U.S. Representative (TX-28)
“I will vote against any bill that weakens the Second Amendment's individual right to bear arms.”
Captured from: TX-28 campaign launch, Laredo, TX — Jan 2024
KEPTSample · Laredo Morning Times, Jan 15, 2024
How does a promise become a vote become an outcome?
Evidence Chain
Dissent Log
On-record counterargument
Gun-safety advocates dispute the framing that universal background checks weaken Second Amendment rights. Kept Word assesses the promise on its own terms: Villanueva voted against H.R. 2291, consistent with her stated position.
Why require a dissent log?
Provenance · Hash-chain integrity
Each verdict on Kept Word carries the same hash-chain provenance model as TruthMark: a cryptographic receipt is generated when a verdict is published, chaining the promise text, evidence URLs, verdict classification, and dissent log into a tamper-evident record. This means no verdict can be quietly revised — any change creates a new record with a new hash, and the prior version remains permanently auditable. What is a hash chain?